How Israel's Settler Movement is Creating a New Generation of Terrorist Youth

Ma'ale Adumim - an illegal settlements in the occupiedWest
Bank where settlers receive a variety of government subsidies 

Much has been said, and rightly so, of HAMAS' brutal terrorism during its October 6, 2023 attack on Israel. But HAMAS terrorists are not the only practitioners of ethnically and religiously based violence. Over the past 3 decades, the West Bank Settler Movement has become ever more strident in pursuing its goal of expelling all Palestinians from the West Bank of the River Jordan. 

Increasingly, the vehicle for this goal for expelling Palestinians from the West Bank is the youth who live in the settlements or are drawn from poor backgrounds. Inspired by the far-right and ultra nationalist ideology of the late Rabbi Meir Kahane's Kach Movement, and the rightward drift of Israeli governments since 2000, especially under Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, violence against Palestinians, seizure of their lands and curtailing their rights has increased dramatically. 

Will the West Bank Settler Movement be successful in its efforts to create a "Palestinian rein" West Bank and East Jerusalem? Will the settler movement be able to thwart a peaceful resolution of the Israel-Palestine dispute? These are critical questions being raised by many countries around the world as they seek to promote the establishment of an independent Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza, with a shared capital in Jerusalem (the western sector for Israel, the eastern for the Palestinian state).

Complicity - a Two State "Dis-solution" Israel's West Bank settlements began to be constructed soon after the June 1967. Under the Allon Plan (named after then Israeli Minister of Labor), settlements were established in East Jerusalem and the Jordan Valley for strategic reasons.  The Jordan Valley was to be annexed and the Etzion Bloc of settlements outside East Jerusalem was meant to shield the city from an Arab attack from the East.

However, the construction of civilian settlements was illegal. Moving citizens into conquered territory is a war crime under the Fourth Geneva Convention. Nevertheless, no Israeli government nor the United States, its closest ally and major funder of foreign and military aid, has committed to ending the establishment of illegal settlements on occupied Palestinian land. 

Thus, 2 states - Israel and the United States - have been complicit in preventing the solving of the Israel-Palestine dispute though a two state solution (as dictated by the United Nations Resolution 181 of November 1947 creating one Arab and one Jewish state in historic Palestine). With the exception of the Trump administration, successive US administrations have supported this outcome verbally, but have done little, beyond expressing dissatisfaction, to prevent the building of further settlements and expansion of existing ones.  

It is true that Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush did withhold military aid in the form of American fighter jets briefly to express dissatisfaction at Israeli policy towards the Palestinian people.  However, these actions were temporary and not part of a long term policy to prevent the expansion of West Bank settlements and establish an independent Palestinian state. 

Jimmy Carter's rightfully lauded Camp David Accords established diplomatic ties between Egypt and Israel.  But the Accords completely excluded any effort to establish a Palestinian state or, at least, shield Palestinians from settlers appropriating their land. Bill Clinton's support of secret negotiations which led to the 1993 Oslo Accords and effort to create a Palestinian state as he was about to leave office in 2000 represent the only instance where an American president sought to create meaningful peace between Israelis and Palestinians.

Israel's shift to the right A major change occurred in 1977 in Israeli politics when the right wing Likud Party ousted the Labor Party which had ruled Israel since 1948.  Whereas the Labor Party had supported settlements in the West Bank for strategic more than ideological reasons - particularly in the Jordan Valley and on the eastern edges of Jerusalem - Likud promoted settlement building explicitly to prevent the establishment of a Palestinian state.

The so-called Drobles Plan (named after settler and Knesset member, Matityahu Drobles, but also referred to as the Sharon Plan) changed the focus of settlement placement.  Under the guise of increasing Israel's security, the plan was actually intended to prevent the establishment of a Palestinian state. 

The Likud government began building settlements from north to south in the West Bank in the hilly regions to divide the region and prevent the Palestinians from creating a geographically contiguous nation-state. Bypass roads running from settlements in the East to Israel were closed to Palestinians and further divided the West Bank because Palestinian north-south traffic was forced to travel around them.

Under the Likud, ultra nationalist religious zealots were encouraged to seize Palestinian land because Judea and Samaria, the names drawn from the ancient Israelite kingdoms which were now used to referred to the West Bank, were given to the Jewish people by God.

The development of the Gush Emunim (Bloc of the Faithful) in 1974 created a network of settlements which lobbied for greater support from the state to dramatically increase the number of settlements. The movement took Israel's victory in the June 1967 War as a sign that God desired establishing a Jewish theocracy in the land of Israel (Eretz Yisrael)

Building on the invented religious interpretation of Rabbi Abraham Yitzhak Kook and his son Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook, who argued that the founding of a secular Jewish state of Israel had ushered in a transition to a Messianic state, the Gush Emunim aggressively worked to create new settlements with the goal of eliminating Palestinians from East Jerusalem and the West Bank. (For an analysis of Gush Emunim, see my: Religion Against the State: The Political Economy of Religious Radicalism in Egypt and Israel). 

In the beginning of 2023, there were 144 settlements in the West Bank and a 100 unauthorized "outposts."  The settler movement has grown steadily since Israel's victory in the June 1967 Arab-Israeli War when it seized East Jerusalem, the West Bank, the Golan Heights and the Sinai Peninsula. Settlements have continued to expand through the seizure of Palestinian land.Extremist settlers in the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem: Council sanctions four individuals and two entities over serious human rights abuses against Palestinians 

According to B’Tselem, the Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories, an Israel-based observatory of settler violence, settlers have forced at least 18 Palestinian communities — over 1,000 people — to flee their homes since October, 2023. Over 500 Palestinians have been killed. Shocking spike in use of unlawful lethal force by Israeli forces against Palestinians in the occupied West Bank

In addition to building new settlements on land expropriated from Palestinians, settlers have destroyed farm land and homes, and uprooted crops. In this process, youth who live in illegal settlements have become ever more violent.

The idea of establishing local or community-based reserve units — which are known as Hagmar in Hebrew — reflects a long-standing Israeli security strategy. Since its establishment, Israel has operated under the notion of lacking "strategic depth," as it has a small population size and limited resources while being surrounded by hostile forces Civilians or Soldiers? Settler violence in the West Bank

Who are the extremist youth? The Hill Top Youth (Noar Ha-Gava'ot) have been in the forefront of establishing illegal settlements on the tops of hills in the West Bank in densely populated Palestinians areas.  A loose coalition of groups, it is led by Tova Kahane, (Meir Kahane's daughter) and Rabbi Mordechi Ettinger, a settler extremist whose actions have led him being barred from the West Bank.

The goal of extremist groups like the Hill Top Youth (referred to by former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and other Israeli officials as terrorists) is to create a Greater Israel which is devoid of all but its Jewish population. Their extreme religious nationalist ideology is driven by extremist rabbis who assert that all Palestinians must be removed from Israel or killed. 

Although difficult to estimate the exact number of "Hill Top Youth," a 2009 report indicated 800 core members with 5,000 supporters.  Some youth are recruited from hardscrabble neighborhoods in Jerusalem and taken to "rehabilitation centers" in the West Bank.  There they are encouraged to engage in anti-Palestinian violence. With Israel in turmoil, its ‘lost boys’ are helping stoke extreme right-wing nationalism

The Hill Top Youth have created numerous encampments. On many occasions, these encampments have been dismantled by the Israeli army.  However, in many other cases, the encampments or outposts were eventually approved by the Israeli government and thus became legitimate settlements in the eyes of the state (although still illegal under international law).

Another extremist organization is Lehava ("Flame," but also an acronym for LiMniat Hitbolelut B'eretz HaKodesh: Prevention of Assimilation in the Holy Land). An offshoot of Meir Kahane's Kach Party, it is active in Israel in fighting assimilation, inter-faith marriages and preventing all relations between Jews and Arabs, whether personal or professional.  While more active in Israel proper, it has been active in trying to oust Arabs from East Jerusalem. ‘Break Their Faces’: As anti-Arab Attacks Spike, Jewish Supremacist Group Plans Jerusalem Show of Force 

What are the"price-tag" attack on Palestinians in the occupied territories The Hill Top Youth claim by terrorist youth that Palestinians living on Jewish land, i.e., in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, must pay a price for residing there. This idea developed after Israel withdrew from the Gaza Strip in 2005 and dismantled 18 settlements there.

The Hill Top Youth conduct attacks which have destroyed olive trees (which take 40 years to bear fruit) and crops, and burned cars and homes. They have also intimidated Palestinians, especially farmers living in remote areas far from Palestinian cities and towns. A Bitter Season in the West Bank

Palestinian cars destroyed by a Hill Top Youth
"price-tag"attack near the city of Ramallah

Although only one fatality, a 3 year old Palestinian girl killed in in 2012, had been documented before HAMAS brutal attack on October 7, 2023, the number of Palestinians on the West Bank who have been killed since the Gaza War began has risen sharply, especially after far right Minister of National Security and agent provocateur, Itamar Ben Gvir, distributed 10,000 rifles to West Bank settlers. Ben Gvir made clear that violence against Palestinians woud not bring a government response.

The seizure of hilltops in densely populated Palestinian areas and the "price-tag" attacks are meant to place more stress on the Israeli military (IDF) and security forces serving in the West Bank. The Hill Top Youth reject the Israeli state and the IDF. They want to tear down the entire secular structure of the Israeli state and society and replace it with a theocratic, authoritarian state (much like radical Islamists who have organized in Muslim majority countries such as Egypt and Syria).IDF freezes operations of ‘hilltop youth’ unit linked to anti-Palestinian violence.

As for the new Israeli state, it would follow the dictates of the radical Rabbis who guide the extremist youth groups, such as Rabbis Yitzhak Shapira and Yitzhak Ginzburg in the most violently anti-Palestinian settlement, Yizhar, near the Palestinian city of Nablus. 

In Yizhar, yeshivas (religious seminaries), such as Od Yosef Chai (Joseph Still Lives), teach extremist ideology to youth in the settlement. In 2013, settlers destroyed Palestinian homes to expand Yizhar while IDF forces protected them. State-sponsored Vigilantism: Jewish Settlers’ Violence in the Occupied Palestinian Territories

From Labor Zionism to terrorist violence When Israel was founded in May 1948, its political system was based on an uneasy balance between a left leaning collectivist and secular Zionism, embodied in two political parties, the Labor Party (MAPAI) and MAPAM, and religious Zionism, led by the National Religious Party (MAFDAL).

This accommodation, in which Labor Party governments controlled security and defense, and religious party leaders controlled education and personal status law, was overturned in the 1977 parliamentary elections when the right wing Likud Party ended Labor Party's political hegemony. Led by Menachem Begin, head of the terrorist Irgun Zvai Leumi (National Military Organization) which was founded in the 1930s, the Likud coalition, reflecting a right wing, ultra nationalist Zionism, now ruled Israel. 

Begin was a follower of Ze'ev Jabotinsky (1860-1940), the founder of Revisionist Zionism and an admirer of Mussolini. The Irgun attacked British and United Nations officials in Palestine prior to Israel's founding. It was responsible for the bombing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem in July1946. Begin ordered the attack because the hotel's south wing contained the British civilian administration of Palestine. The bombing killing 91 people. 

The rise of Likud produced a dramatic expansion of settlements in the West Bank. More settlements led to the rise of settler political movements such as Gush Emunim (and Amana, its settler arm).  Over time, settler politics became more extreme, e.g., with the rise of Kach and the Kahane movement. Extremist clerics and settler activists radicalized youth, especially those in settlements.  The Hill Top Youth, and the affiliated gangs it spawned, are the result.

As we see among radical Islamists and Christian nationalist, what they call secularism is the font of all that's wrong with the world today. Democracy must be abolished, along with the institutions which support it.  A false God will be called upon to decide society's future (as defined by the interpretation of self appointed interpreters of divine messages and injunctions).

Numerous Israelis, including politicians from the center-left, journalists, progressive political activists, members of the peace camp and academics, have been arguing since the 1970s that Israel cannot be rule occupied lands and the people who live there and remain a democracy.  We now see that their prognosis is on its way to coming true. 

(For the latest analysis of the West Bank Palestinians and the problems they confront, see Nicholas Kristof, A Message From the West Bank: ‘We Are Coming to Horrible Days’, New York Times, June 29, 2024

It's the Palestinian State, Stupid!

Many of us remember James Carville's mantra, "It's the economy, stupid!," which helped Bill Clinton win the US presidency in 1992. Carville's slogan was somewhat simplistic but nevertheless effective because it touched on the core concerns of voters at the time. Carville's logic can be applied to the Israel-Palestine conflict. Just as Carville knew a focus on the economy could win the 1992 elections, so too can the establishment of a Palestinian state solve the current crisis.

Although the struggle between Israelis and Palestinians has been ongoing for over a century, there is a simple solution.  It's called "an Independent Palestinian state."  If the Palestinians could establish their own state, living side by side with Israel inn peace and security, this would provide the basis for finally ending the Conflict between the two peoples.  

Let's begin with three basic assumptions. If Israel refuses to allow the establishment of an independent Palestinian state, then it will face a "Forever War." Because time and international support are not on its side, it would ultimately lose this war.  Second, Palestinians must renounce violence, whether by HAMAS and any other terrorist organization. Violence, especially the deaths it causes, will never create a Palestinian state. It only undermines that end by eroding trust among Israelis that Palestinians are serious about achieving a peaceful solution to the Conflict. 

Third, once two states have been established, there will need to be the creation of a large network of economic and institutional ties. When I was in Israel and the West Bank in the summer of 1980, I was impressed how Israeli and Palestinian women's organizations had established an educational programs which were attracting 1500 women from both communities each year.  

At the start of each program, both sides were give one and a half hours to presen their hiatocial narrtive with no interruption allowed by the other side  

As promulgated United Nations Resolution 181 of November 1947, two new states were to be created in historic Palestine - one Jewish and one Arab.  While the Jewish people established Israel, Palestinians, many of whose families had lived in historic Palestine for centuries, failed to achieve the right of legitimate self determination.

For such as state to become a reality, we need forst and foremost to challenge the would-be hegemonic view of the Conflict as on of "ancient hatreds" and a "forever war." We need to remember that arch enemies can become friends, such as Germany and France after wars that began in the 1870s and ended in 1945, and the German, French and Italian Swiss, who were once mortal enemies but live together in security and prosperity. 

Who can develop the counter-hegemony which creates public opinion support for a two state solution to the Conflict?  The key here is generational.  It is the "generation in waiting," namley Israelis and Palestinian youth who refuse to grow up in a context of continued tit-for-tat violence.  Only when a large youth movement, such as the anti-Vietnam War and Civil Rights movements in the United States, the Orange Revolution in Ukraine, and the global anti-Apartheid movement which ended white only rule in South Africa can the Conflict be solved.

As many analysts have noted, the Israeli peace movement is currently at a low point. Unlike many advanced Western nations-states, the younger generation leans heavily to the right while the older generation is more on the left.  Given the brutality of HAMAS' October 7th attack, there is a strong streak of revenge coursing though Israeli society which makes the discussion of peace a non-starter at the current moment. The View Within Israel Turns Bleak

Still, it is not in the interest of either Israeli youth or their Palestinian counterparts to live a life in which war and conflict are a ubiquitous part of life.  For this reason, one of the most important foundations to support a two-state solution is for the network of Israeli peace organizations to become strengthened through foreign support, particularly financial, to allow these groups to better coordinate their activities to bring about a peaceful solution to the Conflict.

Founded in 1949, and closely associated then with the now defunct MAPAM Party, Givat Haviva (Haviva's Hill) is named after Haviva Reik who was a Jewish resistance fighter against the Nazis in Eastern Europe before she was killed.  The organization provides a large number of services to Israel's Palestinian citizens and pushes for peace through its Center for Peace Studies. Hebrew Language and the Young Generation in Arab Society Conference

Given its important standing in Israel, Givat Haviva must take a more direct role in pushing for a two state solution.  Its Board of Directors includes few Israelis of Palestinian heritage. Adding more respected Palestinian Israeli members to its leadership would give it more legitimacy in its effort to develop a more powerful peace camp in Israel and expand its connections to Palestinians in the Occupied Territories. 

Another important effort must be the development of greater coordination of Jewish peace organizations and activists organizations within the Palestinian Israeli community.  One of the most powerful Palestinian Israeli organization is al-Adalah (Justice in Arabic) which advocates for the rights of the Palestinian Israeli minority.

al-Adalah works closely with the Israeli Jewish peace camp and has the opportunity to strengthen ties between Israel's Palestinian and Jewish populations.  In addition, through Israel's Palestinian citizens, al-Adalah can promote greater ties with Palestinians on the West Bank and, once HAMAS is not longer in power, with Gaza as well.  An important initiative in linking Jew, Israeli Palestinian's and Palestinians in the West Bank is to promote the development of a powerful violent movement for the rights of Palestinians in the West Bank and a two state solution ‘Where Is the Palestinian Gandhi?

Another important player in the peace process is ALLMEP (Alliance for Middle East Peace).  Founded by Avi Meyerstein in 2003, it includes 150 organizations in Israel which are working for a peaceful solution to the Conflict. That ALLMEP has raised millions of dollars in funding to date demonstrates that it will continue to be an important component in a process to create a two state solution to the Conflict which will become ever more salient once the Gaza War ends. Pope Francis signs ALLMEP's letter to G7 Heads of State

Iran and the New Axis of Evil: Why the Tehran Regime Must Be Toppled

Iran's Sajjil-2 ballistic missile

In the wake of HAMAS' October 7, 2023, terrorist attack on Israel, the Middle East is facing a period of even greater instability. While it's difficult to imagine that conditions in the region could worsen, the attack's aftermath points to a level of conflict which could not only engulf the Middle East but extend far beyond it. Who is primarily responsible for this dangerous escalation of regional and possibly global conflict?

While HAMAS would be identified by most observers, the answer is actually the so-called Islamic Republic of Iran. The Tehran regime has spent its financial, political and military capital to extend its regional influence. Without its arming of HAMAS and training its fighters, even conducting such training in Iran, HAMAS wouldn't have been emboldened to attack Israel. Iran's missile attack on Israel on April 13, 2023 demonstrates that conflict between the two states could lead to a regional war.

This post argues that Iran has become such a rogue state that it is time for the United States, its allies and the international community which supports a stable international order to move aggressively to cripple and eventually topple the Tehran regime. The four plus decades since the 1978-79 Iranian Revolution has given the Tehran regime ample time to prove that it is willing to become respected nation-state in the MENA region. Based on its consistent destabilizing actions, the time for it to achieve such a status has long since passed.

The so-called Islamic Republic contributes nothing positive to the MENA region. Its goal is to destroy Israel, eliminate the United States' presence in the Middle East, place countries such as Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Yemen under its control and become the region's superpower.  To accomplish these ends, the Tehran regime has pursued four strategies. 

First, it is actively working to develop nuclear weapons and a ballistic missile system with which to deliver these weapons.  Despite repeated efforts by the international community to prevent it from acquiring nuclear weapons, including sanctions and cyber attacks on the centrifuges designed to produce weapons grade plutonium, Iran continues to press ahead with their development.

Second, Iran has established a vast network of militias in Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Gaza to help it enact its foreign policy goals by surrounding Israel and the US' Arab allies with its proxies. By training and funding militias, and recently providing them with increasingly sophisticated missiles, Iran can allow these proxies to do its regional "dirty work," thereby escaping responsibility for their actions and an attack on its own territory.

Third, Iran has strengthened its ties with Russia, China and North Korea, all of which are regimes pursuing foreign policies designed to weaken the United States and its allies, and disrupt the rule-based international order. As these ties grow ever stronger, it is no exaggeration to speak of a new "Axis of Evil."

In 2022, Iran began delivering its Shahed 136 suicide drones to help Russia in its invasion of Ukraine.  Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) forces were sent to Russia to train military personnel on the use of these drones.  Russia in turn has been supplying Iran with extensive weapons systems including fighter aircraft. It also is indirectly assisting Iran develop nuclear weapons by assisting in the construction of a nuclear power plant, ostensibly for national energy production. Timeline: Iran-Russia Collaboration on Drones 

Finally, the regime has used its significant oil wealth to fund its efforts to become the Middle East's dominant power. The regime has created a number of so-called foundations (bonyad) which supply it with an unlimited source of funds for its nefarious aims. Meanwhile, Iranian society suffers from the lack of investment as infrastructure and municipal services decay and unemployment rises.  However, any dissent of regime policies results in a brutal response  Iran: Security Forces Rape, Torture, Detainees

Iran finds support for its policy in the MENA region which is replete with authoritarian and unsavory regimes. These regimes have evoked negative responses from their populaces which has allowed Iran to exploit the resulting instability.  

For example, the tumult created by Benjamin Netanyahu's far right government, the most extreme in Israel's history, in trying to eliminate the power of the Supreme Court, led to months of weekly protests by hundreds of thousands of Israelis to prevent it from eliminating all checks on the power of Israel's unicameral legislature, the Knesset. Had this policy become law, it would effectively put Israel on the road to becoming a theocratic autocracy.  

That many reservists, the bulk of the Israeli army, refused to report for training in protest of Netanyahu's policy to strip the Supreme Court of its powers, is said to have been a key element in HAMAS' decision to attack Israel. HAMAS sensed weakness in Israeli society and its armed forces. Iran's training of HAMAS militants shows its complicity in the October 7th terrorist attack which the Tehran regime has lauded.

As long as bad "neighborhood effects"- namely authoritarian and repressive regimes - persist, Iran's destabilizing policies will find fertile soil. Syria's Bashar al-Asad has used chemical weapons against his own citizens seeking democracy and killed thousands of Syrians, displacing almost half the country's population. Recip Tayyip Erdogan considers HAMAS terrorists "freedom fighters, has imprisoned large numbers of journalists and bombed the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES)' democratic experiment in Northeast Syria because it's controlled by Kurds.

In Egypt, 'Abd al-Fattah al-Sisi has filled Egyptian jails with anyone who expresses dissent against his regime, even mild social media posts. The Sudanese civil war which pits army chief 'Abd al-Fattah Burhan against the Rapid Support Forces, led by Mohammed Hamdan Dagalo, has caused the deaths of over 15,000 civilians. Benjamin Netanyahu's far-right regime, with its cavalier approach to the October 7, 2023 HAMAS terrorist attack, has left over 35,000 Gazans dead, the vast majority innocent of any hostile acts towards Israel. 

Hizballah has contributed to Lebanon becoming a failed state through its attacks on Israel and corrupt activity.  Its control of Beirut's port was one of the causes of the tremendous explosion which rocked the port of Beirut in 2019, leaving an estimated 40% of the population in poverty. Hizballah had prevented an inspection of the warehouse which held the massive amount of fertilizer which exploded, causing massive destruction and many deaths in Beirut. 

Nevertheless, Hizballah remains the most powerful political and military force in Lebanon. It constitutes Iran's most important defense.  Should Israel decide to mount a serious attack on Iran, it can expect Hizballah to send its more than 150,000 missiles, many of which are technologically sophisticated, to reign down on Israel, overwhelming its Iron Dome and other air defenses.

Strategic Ambiguity: Cutting off weapons supplies One of the most important foci in confronting the Tehran regime must be the interdiction of Iranian weapons to their militia proxies. Air attacks on convoys of Iranian weapons passing through Syria on their way to Hizballah must intensify. Efforts must be made to ensure that weapons, especially missiles, aren't delivered to Hizballah though Beirut's port. 

Attacks on Iranian weapons supply lines should be done surreptitiously, just as Iran carries out much of its aggressive actions unannounced.  To the extent to which the flow of weapons into Syria can be significantly reduced, the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps forces in Syria will be weakened as well as Hizballah's military capacities. A network of informers can provide intelligence on the manner in which weapons are shipped though Iraq to Syria can be identified. Denial or Punishment? The U.S.-Israel Debate About How Best to Deter Iran

In Iraq, Shi'a militias controlled by Iran dominate the economy and wield powerful political influence. Iran uses its proxy forces to intimidate the Iraqi government. Although it hasn't been able to expel US forces which train the Iraqi military in counter-terrorism strategies, Iran's goal is to force the US to withdraw from Iraq. FinCEN Finds Iraq-based Al-Huda Bank to be of Primary Money Laundering Concern and Proposes a Rule to Combat Terrorist Financing 

Preventing Iran from circumventing UN sanctions Iran uses Iraq to circumvent international sanctions imposed by the United Nations as a result of its development of nuclear weapons programs.  Many "banks" have been established in Baghdad whose sole function is to launder US dollars sent to Iran. With US corporations investing in Iraq's oil sector, and its troops playing a critical role in preventing a resurgence of the Islamic State in north central Iraq, a withdrawal by US forces would jeopardize critical investments for the country's economic and infrastructure development. Iraq Bans 8 Banks From Dollar Trade To Curb Smuggling To Iran

Undermining the strength of Yemen's Houthi rebels One of Iran's most dangerous gambits is financing yet another military force, namely the Houthi rebel movement in Yemen. The Houthis control most of Yemen and, through their violent activities, have intensified the country's civil war which has created a desperate humanitarian crisis. To date, over 377,000 have been killed by the fighting and many thousands more displaced from their homes. The War on Yemen's Civilians 

The Houthis have been attacking shipping near the Bab al-Mandab entrance to the Red Sea as well as vessels in the Arabian Sea south of Yemen. While the ostensible justification for these attacks is to support HAMAS by preventing ships from reaching Israel, the Houthis have attacked many cargo ships not carrying goods or supplies to Israel.

The United States has organized Operation Prosperity Guardian which comprises a task force of naval vessels from  the United Kingdom, Australia, Bahrain, Canada and the Netherlands. While the task force has intercepted Houthis missiles and drones, and seized some weapons being shipped by sea to the rebels, it needs to more effectively thwart Houthi attacks though more intensive inspection of maritime traffic off the Yemeni coast. 

Most important in this regard is cutting off the Houthi weapons supplies from Iran. Without a refurbishing of missiles and drones, the Houthis would be unable to continue their disruption of shipping through the Red Sea which constitutes 12% of the world's global trade.

Already the United States has transferred weapons seized from the Houthis to Ukraine. The more weapons that can be seized, the better off global supply lines will be as the Houthis' ability to use their attacks to recruit more Yemeni youth to their cause will be reduced. Yemen: Houthis Recruit More Child Soldiers Since October 7 Exploiting Israel-Palestine Hostilities to Expand Its Forces  

Undermining Iran's nuclear weapons program. Clearly, the greatest threat Iran poses not just to the MENA region but to the larger international community is its development of nuclear weapons. In the past, the United States and Israel have used cyber warfare to disrupt Iran's program.  Now that much of Iran's nuclear program has been located far underground, the focus should shift to preventing Iran from developing the ballistic missiles which could be used to militarily deploy a nuclear warhead.

Keeping in mind Israel's threat of a preemptive strike on Iran should it finalize developing a nuclear weapon, especially if it also possesses the missiles which could be used to strike other countries, the United States needs to mobilize an international coalition to prevent the potential for a regional war in the Middle East. In light of the Tehran regime's increasingly close ties with Russia and China, such a war could spread beyond the MENA region.

Using cyber warfare to disrupt missile launches, and even targeting such missiles once test fired, should be considered as part of a strategy to prevent the Middle East from reaching the precipice of what could be a catastrophic military conflagration.

International sanctions must be kept in place, and indeed intensified. However, sanctions alone will not deter Iran from continuing to pursue policies which seriously destabilize the MENA region. United States policy must be accompanied by an intensive public relations campaign designed to put the Tehran regime on the defensive.  The UN Security Council is one venue where such a public realtions campaign should be waged. The Tehran regime's reckless regional adventurism and repressive domestic policies must be kept on constant display in the eyes of the international community. 

ISIS-K's Attack Underscores the Interdependence of Cross-Regional Violence and the Folly of Putin's Rule

Four Alleged Tajik assailants in Russian court, Mar 23, 2024

The March 22nd ISIS-Khorasan (ISIS-K) attack on the Crocus Concert Hall in the Moscow suburb of Krasnogorsk not only indicated that the Islamic State group is alive and dangerous but underscores the increasing interdependence of violence extremism across multiple regions of the world.  At first glance, it  might be asked why the Islamic State attacked an entertainment venue near Moscow.  A deeper look shows that Russia is increasingly in the cross hairs of terrorist groups such as the Islamic State.

Russia's support for Syrian dictator Bashar al-Asad over the past decade has created intense anger among terrorist groups seeking to overthrow his highly repressive Ba'thist regime. Asad has used chemical weapons against his own people and his security services are infamous for the severity of the torture they inflict on real and supposed enemies of the regime. 

The Islamic State groups deeply resent Russia for propping up the Iranian regime which played a central role in destroying the Islamic State so-called Caliphate headquartered in Raqqa, Syria. Russia is supplying Iran with fighter aircraft in exchange for its cheap Shahed drones which enables Putin'a military to attack Ukrainian forces and and infrastructure.  

Deep hostility to Putin's regime extends back to its brutal suppression of an uprising by Chechens seeking greater local autonomy which began after the collapse of the USSR in 1991 but was not completely suppressed until 2017.  In repressing the Chechen insurgency, Russia completely destroyed Grozny, the capital city of the region.  Resentment of Russia can be traced even earlier
to the USSR's almost decade long invasion of Afghanistan during the 1980s. 

Grozny, Chechnya's capital, after Russia's 1999-2000 assault 

Adding the Tehran regime's critical role in propping up the Asad regime, we see why ISIS-K not only attacked Russia but also Iran.  On January 3, 2024, large numbers of Iranians had gathered at the grave of former Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps commander, Qasem Solimani, in his hime town of Kerman to commemorate his death by an American drone strike in January 2020. Suicide bombers from ISIS-K detonated two devices during the ceremony killing 94 mourners and wounding 284 others.

ISIS-K became particularly infamous in the West for its attack on the Kabul Airport during the evacuation of Afghans in the summer of 2021. The bombing killed 13 US soldiers and 170 Afghans gathered at the airport, leading the US government to place a $10 million bounty of the terrorist organization's leader, Sanalluh Ghafari.

What is ISIS-K? The Islamic State-Khorasan Province developed in the 2010s. It is largely comprised of members who broke away from radical Islamic groups in Pakistan, such as Tehrik e-Taliban, and the Afghan Taliban. Despite being most active in Afghanistan and Pakistan, the group has shown its far reach as the Moscow attack demonstrates. In 2010, it convinced an American citizen of Pakistani heritage, Faisal Shazad, to attempt to detonate a bomb in New York City's Times Square.

ISIS-K views the ancient region of Khorosan as the site for a new "Caliphate."  This differs, of course, from the region which the Islamic State (originally the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant/Syria or ISIL) declared to be the new Caliphate in large series of Syria and north central Iraq.  Indeed, ISIS-K has benefitted from the destruction of the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq.  Its claim that Khorosan should be the site of the new Caliphate. 

Clearly, the moniker, "Islamic State," has become a terrorist brand.  A terrorist group can spring up in any part of the world and claim to be an Islamic State affiliate. This is exactly what ISIS-K has done. However, this proliferation of Islamic State groups also contains the seeds of internal conflict. ISIS-K has moved the proposed future Caliphate from Arabic speaking lands to those in "Khorosan" which speak Central Asian languages. Its prominence as the leading Islamic State terrorist organization is bound to create resentment among terrorists in the now defunct Iraq-Syria group and their Arab supporters .

Russia finds itself in a new and difficult position. Having lost a large number of soldiers fighting in Putin's ill-conceived invasion of Ukraine between 290,000 and 460,00 men), originally conceived as a short and easy victory, Russia is facing a man-power shortage.  Even before the war began, migrants from Central Asian republics, such as Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, have provided menial labor in Russian cities for jobs Russians don't want to do. The Russian Interior Ministry has said that there are 10.5 million workers Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan currently in the country. How Many Russian Soldiers Have Died in Ukraine?

Migrants from Central Asia receive sub-standard wages, are looked down upon, and often treated badly by the police and security forces. That these migrants resent such treatment, and thus would be susceptible to recruitment by terrorist groups such as ISIS-K is understandable. 

Central Asian migrants' ability to travel visa-free and easily acquire work permits in Russia, and the lack of employment opportunities in their home countries, are the main incentives to work in Russia.  However, working conditions are only becoming worse after the Crocus Concert Hall attack.  In the wake of the Crocus Concert Hall attack, conditions have become even more difficult, especially for Tajiks who have been threatened and attacked. 

Putin views himself as a latter day Peter the Great ruling a new EurAsian global order

Putin's grand scheme for a new world order under the doctrine of EurAsianism constitutes pie in the sky. This vision, which situates  Russia as the centerpiece of in a new regional bloc designed to challenge Western global hegemony, seems like pie in the sky. The Russian military assured Putin that the invasion of Ukraine would last a week, that the Zelensky government in Kyiv would easily be toppled and that Ukraine made once again become part of Mother Russia.  Obviously, Putin's general staff grossly underestimated Ukrainian forces and the will of Ukrainians not to allow Russia to force their country to be annexed by a latter day Soviet Union. Putin’s ‘Eurasian’ fixation reveals ambitions beyond Ukraine

If the Russia's military doesn't meet credible standards, the same can be said of its security services led by the FSB.  Not only did it fail to prevent the Crocus Concert Hall massacre, it likewise failed to warn Putin of the June 23 rebellion when units of Yevgeny Prigozhin's private mercenary army, the Wagner Group, marched on Moscow in an attempt to remove the Minister of Defense and the army Chief of Staff for purported incompetence in the Ukraine War.

To be fair, Russia's security services are stretched thin as a result of Putin's paranoia in seeing an enemy behind every tree and his categorization of countless groups as traitors, e.g., independent journalists, members of Russia's LGBTQ+ community and Jehovah's Witnesses, many of whom have been imprisoned.

Where does the Crocus Concert Hall attack leave Putin? Russia's manpower shortage will only grow as the Ukraine War grinds on. The Russian Academy of Sciences' Institute of Economics found Russia lacking 4.8 million workers in 2023, who are key to the construction, transportation and retail sectors. With a xenophobic anti-immigrant campaign underway after the attack, egged on by Russian neo-Nazis, efforts are being made to boycott Tajik restaurants, taxis and other migrant provided services.

If such hostility spreads, it will cause many Central Asian workers to return home, further undermining the Russian economy.  Such a development would seem to favor the recruitment of more terrorists to ISIS-K whose message that Russia seeks to eradicate the Islamic religion will resonate more strongly.

Authoritarians such as Putin are often shrewd in centralizing political power in the short term. However, their egos, which are nurtured by loyalist supporters, causes them to make decisions which ultimately bring down their regimes. Putin is now facing several crises, not just the war in Ukraine and more terrorist attacks. He must worry that Russians no longer view him as capable of providing iron-clad security, as the Wagner Group and the Crocus Concert Hall attacks indicate. Putin must also worry that those surrounding him may feel that his time as Russia's leader has reached its productive end. Central Asian migrants face xenophobic backlash in Russia after Moscow terror attack 

   

If You Want Peace and Stability in the Middle East, There is only One Choice for POTUS: Joe Biden

The Israel-HAMAS War has created another divisive issue in the 2024 United States presidential elections.  Following the brutal HAMAS attack on Israel on October 7, 2024, Israel immediately began a huge bombing of Gaza which has resulted, at the time of this writing, in deaths of over 30,000 Palestinians and the destruction or significant damage of over 80% of its infrastructure and buildings. The Benjamin Netanyahu's government's response to the HAMAS attack, which resulted in over 1200 Israeli deaths, has infuriated large swaths of the global community, including thousands of Americans.

A key question is how the ongoing Israel-HAMAS War will affect this year's elections.  Ax the recent Michigan Democratic Party primary indicated, many of Joe Bidne's supporters are highly disappointed with his Gaza War policy.  They feel he has been too meek in his criticism of Netanyahu. The Israeli leader seeks to continue the war to prevent elections which he would lose and also possibly face jail time due to his ongoing corruption trial.  Will the Israel-HAMAS War cause Biden to lose the presidential elections?  

The answer to this question depends on whether Biden can reenergize the base which allowed him to win in 2020.  This coalition will need to mobilize young voters in the 18-30 demographic, people of color, union members and, in Michigan, a key battle ground state, Arab-American voters who are several hundred thousand strong.  Biden won Michigan in 2020 by 150,000 votes. If Arab-American defect die to their anger at his Gaza War policy, they could hand the election to Donald Trump.

Arab-American anger, as well as that of African-Americans who identify with the Palestinian cause, young people, including many Jewish youth, and large numbers of Americans more broadly who are revulsed by the daily images of death and destrcution in Gaza, is understandable.  I count myself among those who find Netahyahu's policies in Gaza reprehensible. 

These considerations notwithstanding, let's return to the Trump presidency to see what American policy towards Israel and the Palestinians looked lime then.  First, Trump appointed David M. Friedman ambassador to Israel, a post which won narrow US Senate confirmation. 

A founder of Americans Friends of Beit-El Institutions and a columnist for the settlement news website, Arutz Sheva, Friedman has been a supporter of the Israeli far -right, raising funds for settlements, and actively involved in preventing the establishment of an independent Palestinian state. He had no diplomatic experience prior to being appointed ambassador.

David Friedman with far-right Minister of
Finance, Bezalel Smotrich

Breaking with a tradition of both Republican and Democartic presidents, Trump moved the US Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.  He did nothing to stop the rapid growth of settlements in the West Bank whose construction on occupied territory is considered illegal under international law. Indeed, the Trump administration gave the Netanyahu government a green light to pursue whatever policies it wanted in the West Bank and Palestinian East Jerusalem.

The Trump administration implemented the Abraham Accords in September 2020 which normalized realtions between Israel and the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain.  In October, Morocco and Sudan, which was removed from a list of states supporting terrorism and received a $1.2 billion loan from the United States, joined the accords. 

While the Abraham Accords constituted a step forward in reducing tensions between the Arab world and Israel, there was a noticeable absence of any reference to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state as stipulated by the United Nations which it approved the partition of Palestine into two states - one Arab and one Jewish - with Resolution 181 of November 1947.  Clearly the accords were an effort to consolidate ties between Israel and the Arab Gulf at the expense of the Palestinians.

Trump's return to office would see an intensification of his support for the Israeli settlement movement, if not the expulsion of Palestinian from the West Bank. It could possibly entail support for Israel 

A Clear and Present Danger: How Benjamin Netanyahu Threatens Peace in the Middle East and Global Stability

Itamar Ben-Giver, Benjamin Netanyahu and Bezalel Smotrich 

Four months after the brutal HAMAS attack on southern Israel, it is clear that Benjamin Netanyahu represents a serious threat to Middle East peace and potentially to global stability as well. The list of Netanyahu's political sins is a long one.  It begins with his lifelong effort to prevent the establishment of an independent Palestinian state living peacefully side-by-side with Israel. What are the implications if the current prime minister remains in office and the Israel-HAMAS war continues?

First, it has become clear that Netanyahu wants the current war to continue. He doesn't care about the over 100 Israeli hostages still held by HAMAS.  All that concerns him, as myriad political analysts have argued, is to keep his hold on power and avoid the playing out to the end of his current trial for political corruption. Netanyahu Puts Political Survival Ahead of Tough Decisions on Gaza

Second, it was Netanyahu who ignored numerous warnings from Mossad, Israel's main intelligence organization, and members of the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), that HAMAS was planing an attack on Israel.  It has been noted that he refused to read a report on the terrorists' plan of attack in July 2023 when delivered to him by a high ranking military officer. 

As a result of the massive security failure on October 7th, more than 40 former high ranking army officers and intelligence chiefs signed a petition saying that Netanyahu's rule constitutes a "clear and present danger" to Israel and that he can no longer remain Israel's prime minister.  Although he doesn't have the right to do so, the petition asked Israel's president Isaac Herzog to remove Netanyahu from office. Netanyahu must be removed, top former Israeli national security officials say

To retake the office of prime minister in 2022, Netanyahu's only option in forming a cabinet was to include far right extremists, the most notorious of which are Minister of National Security, Itamar Ben-Giver, and Finance Minister, Bezalel Smotrich.  All the far right cabinet ministers seek to expel the Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza. 

Smotrich created a domestic controversy by diverting large amounts of funding to expand illegal West Bank settlements while Ben-Giver has given arms to settlers with the implicit message that using them on Palestinians won't result in repercussions. Because after Netanyahu returned to power in 2022, attacks on Palestinian farmers, especially in remote areas of the West Bank, created a Palestinian backlash, IDF troops were moved to the West Bank leaving the Israel-Gaza border only lightly patrolled.

Third, in another ploy to please his far right cabinet ministers, Netanyahu initiated a plan to strip the Israeli Supreme Court of its powers to overrule laws passed in the Knesset, Israel's parliament. Arguing that the Court was too "liberal," Netanyahu provoked 33 weeks of demonstrations by hundreds of thousands of Israelis demanding that his withdraw his effort to undermine Israel's democracy. 

While the October 7th attack brought national unity against the HAMAS terrorists, Netanyahu's effort to turn Israel into an authoritarian state had many consequences prior to the attack. One was that a 100,000 air force reservists, and those in many other parts of Israel's reserve sector (designed to supplement the small IDF in times of need), refused to report for service. As many analysts have argued, this emboldened Israel's enemies, such as Iran and its proxies, including HAMAS, to increase their military pressure on Israel.

The ill-conceived Israel attack on Gaza began immediately after the HAMAS terrorist attack. Rather than develop a strategic plan, the IDF was sent to bomb the small Gaza strip (about the size of New York City). Using 2000 lb. "bunker busting" bombs and "dumb" (unguided) bombs, Israel has killed over 26,000 Gazans (many buried under building rubble), and wounded more than 62,000.  Many women and children have been killed while amputations and permanent physical and psychological ailments among children provide fertile soil for a new generation of extremists. Palestinian death toll in Gaza surpasses 25,000 while Israel announces the death of another hostage

Netanyahu's refusal to consider a permanent ceasefire in exchange for Israeli hostages held by HAMAS has severely damaged Israel's international standing and largely wiped out the sympathy people throughout the world felt for the victims of HAMAS' brutal October 7th attack.  

Even the United States, Israel's strongest ally, has decried the large number of civilians casualties in Gaza.  The Biden administration has called for establishing a Palestinian state when the war ends - an outcome abhorred by Netanyahu and his far right supporters - and is considering slowing arms deliveries to Israel to pressure Netanyahu to wind down the war. US mulling using arms deliveries to Israel as leverage to pressure Netanyahu: Report 

Netanyahu's failure to delineate when the war will end and detail a post-HAMAS Gaza and who will govern it, together with the large numbers of civilian deaths caused by Israel's bombing and shelling of northern and southern Gaza, has incentivized Iran and its local proxies to enter the fray. This has taken 3 forms: 1) constant shelling of northern Israel by Lebanon's powerful Hizballah militia; 2) attacks by Iranian trained and funded militias in Iraq on US forces stationed there; and 3) attacks by Iranian funded Houthi forces in northern Yemen on ships navigating the Gulf of Aden, the Bab al-Mandab entrance to the Red Sea and the southern Red Sea itself.  

The Hizballah shelling has taken a social psychological and economic toll on the residents of northern Israel and increased the desire of hawkish members of Netanyahu's cabinet to attack the militia and push it back from the Israel-Lebanon border.  However, others Israelis remember the fiasco which resulted from Israel's 1982 invasion of Lebanon and the human and material losses it suffered until it withdrew its forces in 2000.

Hizballah today is a very formidable military force. Both Iran which funds it, and the militia, seek to avoid an all out war with Israel.  Lebanon suffered greatly during the 2006 Israel-Hizballah war with much of its infrastructure damaged by Israeli air raids. Today, Lebanon is a failed state, with its economy in shambles and 40% of the population living in poverty.  But an Israeli ground attack seeking to push Hizballah forces back into Lebanon would leave the militia no choice but to respond.  

With over 150,000 missiles supplied by Iran, many with precision targeting capabilities, no place in Israel would be safe from Hizballah missiles which could overwhelm Israel's "Iron Dome" anti-missile system.  Under such circumstances, the United States would feel pressured to intervene in the fighting. Such an eventuality could bring Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in neighboring Syria into the conflict leading to a regional war in the Middle East.

Houthi attacks on Red Sea shipping is causing serious economic damage to global shipping.  Insurance rates for ships passing through the Bab al-Mandab en route to the Suez Canal have skyrocketed.  Many shipping companies are rerouting their cargo around the Cape of Good Hope to avoid Houthi attacks. This decision increases travel time from the Gulf of Aden to Europe and the United States by 40 days, adding millions of dollars to shipping costs, constraining supply chains and raising prices to consumers.

Operation Prosperity Guardian, an international effort organized by the Pentagon to interdict Houthi drones and missies and to destroy their caches of arms, has thus far been unsuccessful. An invasion of Yemeni territory held by Houthi fighters - battle hardened, by years of fighting with Saudi and UAE forces - would embroil the US and Western partners in yet another unending military adventure. 

The continuing attacks by Iranian funded militias in Iraq and Syria on US forces forces stationed in the region finally resulted in the deaths of three service members at Tower 22, a base at the intersection of the Jordanian, Syrian and Iraqi borders. The Biden administration has promised a strong military response to these deaths. 

Meanwhile, GOP hawks in the US Senate, including Lindsay Graham (R-SC), John Cornyn (R-TX) and Tom Cotton (R-AK), have called for the United States to strike Iran inside its borders. However, such a strike could lead Iran to close the Straits of Hormuz at the entrance to the Persian Gulf, thereby choking off much of the world's oil supplies.  Such action in response to an American attack on Iran itself could provoke a regional war in the Middle East.

As I argued in an earlier post, all the problems mentioned above, including the HAMAS attack, could have been avoided if Benjamin Netanyahu had agreed to establish an independent Palestinian state. There are numerous moderate Palestinian leaders who, since the 1990s, have recognized Israel's right to exist as a sovereign state. Among the most prominent are Mustafa Barghuti, Salam Fayyad (a Distinguished Visiting Scholar at Princeton University's School of Public and International Studies this academic year), and Sari Nusseibeh.  Establishing an independent Palestinian state under the control of secular moderates would have helped marginalize terrorist groups such as HAMAS, which is really more loyal to Iran than it is to the Palestinian people. Beyond Historical Amnesia, Revenge and the Good-Evil Binary: Solving the Israel-Palestinian Conflict Once and for All

The question now becomes: when will rational, solution-oriented leadership on both sides of the Israeli-Palestinian dispute take control of the process to bring this 75 year old conflict to a final, peaceful resolution?

The Day After: Israel at the Crossroads after the Gazan War

The brutal attack by HAMAS terrorists on October 7 dealt a body blow to Israeli society.  Perhaps the most damaging aspect for the long-term was to have burst the bubble of Israeli exceptionalism.  The dramatic failure of the Israeli army underscored that Israel's security cannot be built on border walls, high tech armaments and ignoring the Palestinians' desire for their own state. Israel lives in a dangerous neighborhood which won't change even with the defeat of HAMAS.

What position will the Israeli government take after the war with HAMAS ends?   The policies followed what ever political coalition is in power following the war will most likely decide Israel's future. Its forst gaol must be to stop the march towards a "Torah state."  

Politicized religion, in what ever country it has appeared, invariably leads to extremism. Because the so-called religious precepts invoked by those who use religion to achieve political ends are said to be the "will of God," they can't be challenged.  If they are, those who mount. such challenges are attacking God and religion.

The phony religious extremists in Israel who continue to push for more settlements, while they seize Palestinian land and attack Palestinian farmers and destroy their crops, are building an ever stronger power base.  This increased power is evident in the most right-wing government under Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu which has ever ruled Israel since its founding in 1948.  

The government's  promoting of violence has created an "open season" on Palestinians as Minister of National Security, Itamar Ben Giver, has distributed 10,000 rifles to settlers in the West Bank. Over 300 Palestinians have been killed in the West Bank since October 7th.  While some have been youth in refugee camps who have fought with IDF soldiers, most have been unarmed farmers, often in remote villages, who lack any protection.

Settler attacks offer only one outcome - the spread of violence in the West Bank.  Such violence will only lead to more deaths and cries for vengeance.  In effect, what Ben Giver and the far-right extremist settlers policies are promoting is the opening of another front in the ongoing war with HAMAS. Further violence strengthen HAMAS' argument that armed conflict is the only option open to Palestinians to end Israeli occupation of the West Bank.

The Torah or theocratic state option will transform the Israel-Palestine struggle into a religious one when in reality it is a struggle over land.  Iran would like nothing more than to frame the Israel-Palestine dispute as one between "Muslims."  As it designation of the so-called Quds (Jerusalem) Force, a wing of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), Iran focuses on "liberating Jerusalem," the third most holy city in Islam," rather than supporting the creation of an independent democratic Palestinian state.

In ideological transforming the the Israel-Palestine struggle to a pseudo-religious conflict, Iran can appeal to Arab Muslim youth throughout the Arab world who are angered by Israel's treatment of Palestinians in occupied territories in East Jerusalem and the West Bank.

Netanyahu's policy of continuing the war in Gaza for "several months" and creating a security zone along the Gaza-Egyptian border is certainly to be rejected by Egypt.  Keeping Israeli troops in Gaza is a recipe for continued guerrilla attacks against them and counter-attacks which will further inflame public opinion throughout the Middle East and beyond.