The Middle East is in Crisis: Where Are the Leaders?

Even a superficial look at the Middle East shows that the region is facing a series of crises like none it has encountered before.  Is the problem one that Orientalists once proposed, namely the incompatibility of Islam and politics,. which inevitability leads to political instability? Or are there more complex explanations required to make sense of the crises plaguing the Middle East?

A core answer to this question is captured by the saying that "the fish rots from the head down." In other words, throughout the Middle East, political leaders has failed miserably to improve the lives of their citizens and implement tolerant and democratic governance. Had a number of political leaders made different decisions over the past several decades, the Middle East would look very different today.

Whether we're talking about Iran, Israel, HAMAS, Turkey, Lebanon, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Sudan, Syria, Yemen or Tunisia, everywhere one looks politics is repressive, unstable or both. And lurking in the shadows are extremist groups like the Islamic State waiting to pounce once the moment is ripe with instability.   

Where to begin? The five most volatile MENA region crises are, in my view:1) Iran's foreign policy in the region; 2) the Israeli-HAMAS War; 3) the Sudanese civil war; 4) the policies of the post-Asad regime in Syria; and 5) Recep Tayyip Erdogan's repression at home and meddling in Syrian politics and other MENA region issues beyond Turkey. I Am the Turkish President’s Main Challenger. I Was Arrested.

In this post, I focus on the two most dangerous crises. Iran's continued effort to develop nuclear weapons and the missiles to deliver them threatens to provoke a massive Israeli attack with serious regional consequences. If the Gaza War continues, that too presents a major threat to regional stability. It will encourage more Gazan youth to join HAMAS and embolden the Israeli far-right to demand the Gaza Strip's annexation and expulsion of its residents.

Iran's threat to regional stability Iran created a so-called "Axis of Evil" comprising a number of regional proxy militias: Hizballah in Lebanon, HAMAS in the Gaza Strip, the Popular Mobilization Units            (al-hashad al-sha'bi) in Iraq, and Houthi rebels in Yemen. As the Tehran regime has spread its political influence throughout the Eastern MENA region (al-Mashriq), its actions has been among the most destabilizing in the Middle East. See my post: Last Man Standing: What is the Fate of Iran's Proxy Militias in Iraq?

The culmination of Iran's overreach, all legitimized by its efforts to destroy Israel and "liberate" Jerusalem, was the brutal HAMAS attack on Israel on October 7, 2023. Although it seems the Iranian regime was not informed of the attack, it was responsible for arming HAMAS, funding the organization, and even training some of its fighters in Iran.

But after a year and a half of the Gaza War, Iran's proxy forces lie in shambles. Hizballah and HAMAS have been seriously degraded with their senior leadership killed. Bashar al-Asad's regime in Syria, which supported Iran and provided a land bridge to Lebanon, has been toppled. Meanwhile, Iraq's PMUs are engaged in a struggle over how closely they should be tied to Tehran.  Meanwhile, Houthi forces in Yemen are subject to an ongoing air attack by the United States. US airstrikes pound Yemen overnight, killing at least 3, Houthi rebels say

Iran has recently indicated a willingness to discuss, via indirect talks, its nuclear enrichment program with the Trump administration. Because most analysts see Iran attempting to develop nuclear weapons, Israel has made clear its intention to strike Iran if its uranium enrichment reaches a level which would allow to to produce a bomb. Given hardliners' political control, and that fact that Iran's nuclear program is one of the last cards it holds, it is doubtful such talks would produce any meaningful results.

Complicating matters is the weakness of Iran's current president, Masoud Pezeshkian, a moderate who was elected on a reformist platform.  Iran's presidency is a largely symbolic position because real power lies in the hands of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. Further, hardliners have used Pezeshkian's desire for direct talks with the United States as an excuse to attack him and remove his allies from power. Meanwhile, his popularity has fallen due to his failure to confront Iran's decaying economy. President Pezeshkian: Already a lost cause?

Because no solution is in sight, the probability is that the United States will give Israel the green light to attack Iran sometime in the near future.  During its attacks in April and October, 2024, Israeli jets destroyed not only the Russian supplied air defense system around Tehran but key components of Iran's natural gas infrastructure. The October attacks seriously disrupted  electricity generation and reduced industrial production to 30% of normal output. Iran's currency has tanked, electricity is rationed and prices for consumer goods have skyrocketed.  The regime is aware that its popularity has dropped precipitously.

How Iran would respond to an Israeli attack designed to destroy its nuclear enrichment program is difficult to predict.  However, it would certainly add to the MENA region's instability.  Because China (and India) are dependent on Iranian oil, exports of crude could drop sharply, incentivizing China to become more involved in the Persian Gulf.  

It took intense pressure from the Biden administration in 2021 to prevent China from building a military base in the United Arab Emirates near Abu Dhabi. An Israeli attack on Iran could lead China to renew its efforts to court Saudi Arabia and the Arab Gulf states. Because many Arab states see the Trump administration as giving the Netanyahu regime carte blanche in attacking Gaza and Lebanon, and even expelling the Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza, they may view expanding their alliances with China as increasing their ability to extract more concessions from Trump Work on ‘Chinese military base’ in UAE abandoned after US intervenes – report

An Israeli attack would undermine efforts by Israel and the United States to normalize relations between the Jewish state and Saudi Arabia.  As with the Gaza War, Israel's ties with the Arab states with which it already has relations have become much more chilly. Thus, it isn't possible to separate Iran's nuclear program from the other big regional crisis, the ongoing conflict between Israel and HAMAS.

Apart from Israeli Prime Minster Benjamin Netanyahu and his far-right coalition partners, such as Itamar Ben Gvir and Bezalel Smotrich, there is little appetite in Israel and the rest of the Middle East for the war in Gaza to continue. Nevertheless, many hostages still remain under HAMAS control and Netanyahu uses its failure to release them to legitimize his continuation of bombing Gaza which has raised the Palestinian death toll to over 50,000 at the time of this writing.

Meanwhile, the attacks on Palestinians in the Occupied West Bank continue. Anyone who has seen the 2024 Oscar winner for Best Documentary film, No Other Land, cannot fail to find the brutality of Israeli soldiers and West Bank settler repulsive.  Unlike the Biden administration which sanctioned some West Bank settlers for their violent acts, Trump remains silent, only angering the Arab-Americans who voted for him and the MENA region's Arab populations. Film academy apologizes for not naming ‘No Other Land’ co-director in response to attack on him

Where are the leaders? As these two major crises underscore, little or nothing is being done to solve them in the West. In the past, the United States has played a major role in addressing the MENA region's problems (although often not in a constructive manner). While the Trump administration, to its credit, is attempting to bring Iran to the negotiating table, it has undermined its credibility with its threat to take over the Gaza Strip, expel its residents and turn the region into a tourist destination, a so-called "Riviera of the Middle East."

Netanyahu has made clear, as numerous Israeli analysts - many in the military and security services - have argued, that his policies towards peace with the Palestinians are shaped by his political ambitions, not his concern for the well being of the Israeli people, let alone the Palestinians. HAMAS has only brought suffering and destruction to the Palestinians of Gaza. But Netanyahu's continued bombing of the area will not bring political change to the Strip. It will only help HAMAS recruit more Gazan youth to its ranks.

Netanyahu has still to own up to his role in promoting HAMAS' 2023 attack. He funded HAMAS to weaken the Palestine National Authority with the goal of preventing moderate Palestinians making any progress towards the establishment of an independent Palestinian state. ‘Buying Quiet’: Inside the Israeli Plan That Propped Up Hamas

Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Jordan A third group of leaders who have the ability to be more actively involved in defusing the two major crises facing the MENA region are Arab countries, particularly Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Jordan. Although Saudi Prime Minister Muhammad Bin Salman has hosted multiple talks to end the war in Ukraine, he has expended little effort to mediate between Iran and the United States, or to help end the war in Gaza.

Egypt, on the other hand, has offered its services to bring the Gaza War to an end and have the remaining Israeli hostages which HAMAS holds released.  Representatives of Israel and HAMAS have negotiated indirectly through Egypt's auspices for several months. Qatar has also served in this capacity and hosted delegations, especially because it has allowed HAMAS senior political leadership to live in Doha. (At this writing, the hostage crisis appears on the verge of a possible breakthrough).

However, the key stumbling block to a final end to the war in Gaza is removing HAMAS as a military force. Here there are only two Arab states who could accomplish this end - Egypt and Jordan. Egypt has the largest army in the Arab world and Jordan's military is one of the best trained. 

Given recent Gaza protests and HAMAS' military and political weakness, Arab military forces could occupy the Gaza Strip. Egyptian and Jordanian forces would gain much more cooperation from the Gazan Palestinians than an Israeli occupying force.  One of the key to defeating HAMAS would be locating the tunnels in which HAMAS fighters hide. Identifying tunnel openings and air ducts requires help from the Gazan residents. If they could be effectively blocked, HAMAS fighters would need to surrender or face death by starvation or lack of oxygen.

Also central to the success of an Arab military mission would be the promise that the Egyptian and Jordanian forces would give the Gazan Palestinians that they would no longer face the prospect of being expelled from the Gaza Strip. The United States and Israel would need to give their blessing to a military incursion by Arab forces.  

If Egypt and Jordan would commit to keeping the Gaza Strip free of HAMAS fighters, and Saudi Arabia would agree to fund the military operation, the Gaza War would give Donald Trump a win.  It would prevent the Israeli far-right from annexing the Strip to Israel and expelling Gaza's residents. With HAMAS neutralized, Netanyahu could claim victory and the United States could return to its efforts to normalize diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and Israel.

Ridding the Gaza Strip of HAMAS, preventing the Israeli far-right from expelling its residents, and allowing Saudi Arabia ands the Arab Gulf states to help the Gazan Palestinians rebuild their society would be the best outcome we could expect at the moment.  

The Trump administration has no creative ideas for ending the Israeli-HAMAS War or for the future of Gaza's residents. Netanyahu can't be trusted to pursue an agreement which would end the war and lead to long-term stability in Gaza. Thus, the question of the hour is the following: Will Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Jordan step up to the plate and bring the horrors which the Palestinians of Gaza have now suffered for a year and a half to an end?

Last Man Standing: What is the Fate of Iran's Proxy Militias in Iraq?

al-Hashad al-Sha'bi fighters on parade

What is the future of Iran's proxy militias in Iraq? The militias - known as the Popular Mobilization Forces (al-Hashad al-Sha'bi) - have been wielding extensive political and economic power in Iraq ever since they played an important role, together with Iranian, US and Iraqi forces, in protecting Iraq  and defeating the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq between 2014 and 2019. 

Since HAMAS' surprise attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, there has been a major shift in power relations in the Middle East. Following well over a year of Israeli air and ground attacks, the Gaza War seriously degraded HAMAS' military strength. Hizballah, once the most powerful political and military force in Lebanon, is a shell of its former self.  Syria, formerly Iran's closest Arab ally, is no longer ruled by the al-Asad family. 

With the fall of the al-Asad regime, Iran has lost a critical land bridge which allowed it to extend its political control to the Mediterranean.  The loss HAMAS, Hizballah and Syria has ended Iran's ability to surround its arch-enemy, Israel, with loyal forces. After Iran attacked Israel in May 2024, Israeli airstrikes subsequently degraded Iran's air defenses and seriously damaged its energy sector by destroying natural gas pipelines, creating a severe economic crisis.  

Only Iraq's Popular Mobilization Units (PMUs) have avoided the negative consequences of. the Israel-HAMAS War.  While some militias have fired rockets at Israel, the PMUs have largely remained on the sidelines of the conflict. Most of their attention continues to be directed at forcing the United States to withdraw its last troops from Iraq through rocket attacks on Iraqi air bases where US troops are stationed. As the last member of Iran's so-called Axis of Resistance, what is its future?

The defeat of the Axis of Resistance With Israel's destruction of Iran's proxies in Gaza and Lebanon and indirectly causing the collapse of the al-Asad regime,.  As a result, the political winds in Iraq are beginning to change. Iraq's Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein has stated that it's time for the PMUs to be integrated into the Iraqi Army, something that was supposed to happen several years ago. 

With the government aware that the PMUs' benefactor, Iran, faces serious economic crisis and has lost of much of its regional political clout, now is the time in the view of many of Iraq's political elite to reign in the Tehran regime's local agents. 

In November 2024, following a stark warning from Israel, stop the drone attacks. Fearful of suffering the same fate as HAMAS and Hizballah, the PMUs cut back on their drone attacks on Israel.  The Iraqi government, on the other hand, has tried, without success, to end PMU attacks on the United States Embassy in Baghdad and the airbase where US troops are stationed.

A state within a state  PMUs are despised by much of the Iraqi population.  They promote Iranian interests in Iraq such as the sale of Iranian goods which compete with Iraqi companies.  Militias have seized houses, agricultural land and businesses, and threatened families and lawyers who have attempted regain possession of their property.

In the Jurf al-Sakhr region along the Tigris River in Babel Governorate, the PMUs expelled the local farmers and establish a large limits area which they store illicit goods which are sold on the black market throughout Arab Iraq.  Even Iraq's Prime Minister and Armed Force Chief of Staff are forbidden from entering this area.  

In 2023, the PMUs won 101 of 285 seats in Iraq's Provincial Council elections. Using a carrot and stick, the PMUs used their extensive resources to offer voters jobs in construction and road paving industry, contracts to business interests, government employment to local residents and other bribes.  Candidates who opposed PMU candidates were threatened in an effort to force them to drop out of the elections.  The Leadership and Purpose of Iraq’s Popular Mobilization Forces

Iraqis have responded to PMU corruption by boycotting Iranis goods which they see aas competing with Iraqi products. While Iraqis welcome the 1000s of Iranian pilgrims who visit Iraq's Shi'a shrine cities each year, they resent the PMUs using their politcial power to privilege Iranian products in local markets.

As an example of the kind of corruption in which the PMU is involved, a scandal was recently discovered in which the Islamic University of Lebanon in Beirut had awarded more than a 1000 PMU militia members doctoral degrees in engineering and other specialized degrees.  

The problem with these degrees is that those who received Ph.D.s never attended any classes at the Islamic University of Lebanon.  With 40% of Iraqis living below the poverty level and thousands of Iraqi youth who have graduates but haven't been able to find gainful employment, this type of corruption infuriates the Iraqi people. New Corruption on the Part of the Islamists: More than 1000 Doctorates for al-Hashad al-Sha'bi

Cracks in the PMU alliance The impact of the Gaza War and Iran's economic crisis has seriously undermined the PMUs power in Iraq.  Already three years ago, the head of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps informed the PMUs that they could no longer count on financial support from Iran given the poor state of its economy. 

With the colapse of the Axis of Resistance and weakened Iran, a schism has developed within the PMU ranks.  Efforts are underway to remove Falih Fayyadh, the PMU commander, from his post.  Qa'is al-Khazali, head of the Asa'ib Ahl al-Haqq militia, is using Fayydh's call for a more moderate posture on the PMUs part towards cooperating with the Iraqi government to accuse him of undermining the PMUs' mission.  

US foreign policy in Iraq and Syria What should the Trump administration do to undermine the last militia movement in the so-called Axis of Resistance? First, Trump must abandon the lens through which he views American foreign policy. There is no "deal" to be made in Iraq. Unlike Iram there are no sanctions or tariffs which can be levied on Iraq to rid it of the PMUs.

Second, if Trump wants to eventually eliminate the threat Iran's proxy militias pose to American interests in the Middle East and the region's security, he must maintain current troop levels in Iraq and Syria.  If he withdraws these troops, it will be "penny wise and pound foolish."  Without US forces to support our closest ally in the MENA region, the Syrian Democratic Forces, Islamic State terrorist cells will be able to reestablish bases Eastern Syria.

Third, if the Islamic State establishes more bases in Syria, it will not only strengthen the its attempted comeback there, but facilitate the terrorists' ability to increase its already numerous attacks in North Central Iraq.  While it makes sense to support replacing some US troops  in Iraq with NATO forces, there is no substitute for the logistical and intelligence support the US can provide the Iraqi government.  

Current US forces in Iraq have a lengthy experience fighting the Islamic State terrorists  and training Iraq's counter-terrorism forces.  Should US forces be withdrawn from Iraq, Iran would claim a victory over the "Great Satan."

Equally important, US forces withdrawal from Iraq would encourage Islamic State fighters to increase their attacks in Iraq. They would view such a withdrawal as evidence of American weakness and lack of interest in defending Iraq.  

Precisely when the PMUs are weak isn't the time to strengthen their control of Iraqi politics and its economy.   We need remember that the PMUs achieved their original legitimacy not only from the fatwa Ayatollah 'Ali al-Sistani issued in 2014 justifying their creation, but from their success in preventing Islamic State forces from reaching Baghdad in 2014.With US forces no longer in Iraq, the PMUs can argue that they are needed once again to assure the Islamic State doesn't reestablish itself in Iraq. 

Needless to say, Trump's withdrawal of US forces in Iraq will have a domino effect.  It will also embolden the Islamic State in Syria placing greater pressure on our key ally, the Syrian Democratic Forces, which is a large prison camp and other prisons in Eastern Syria which hold over 60,000 Islamic State fighters and their families.

After the Gaza Ceasefire: A New "Trail of Tears" or a March Towards Peace?

The immediate question following the ceasefire in Gaza is whether it will hold. However, the larger question still remains: can Israel and Palestinians come to terms and establish a peaceful solution to the Forever War which has persisted since 1948? Can the elusive goal of a two state solution, where both sides live in peace and security, be realized? Beyond Historical Amnesia, Revenge and the Good-Evil Binary: Solving the Israeli-Palestinian Dispute Once and For All

Displaced Palestinians fleeing to Lebanon during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War

Israel and the Palestinians are at a critical juncture. Gaza can either be rebuilt with funds from Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates and HAMAS replaced with a joint Palestinian National Authority and Arab states, e.g., Egypt and Jordan, . Or the territory can be seized by the Israeli far-right and the Gazan Palestinians be expelled for the second time in their lives (the first in 1948 when Palestinians along Israel's Mediterranean Coast were forced into the Gaza Strip, then controlled by Egypt).Causes of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight

Unfortunately, HAMAS is still in control in the Gaza Strip which presents a major impediment to moving towards peace. The Arab League should establish an interim administration comprised of Jordan and Egypt.  The Jordanians and Egyptians should make clear to HAMAS that it needs to shed its weapons and then become one of several political parties in Gaza which will win or lose in fair and free elections. If HAMAS refuses, the Arab League should sponsor a military force dispatched to Gaza to remove its weapons and disarm it.

A new "Trail of Tears? The alternative to the scenario just described is the Israeli far-right's plan to either force or have Gazans "voluntarily" evacuate the Gaza Strip. The far right settlers would take control of it. This would constitute a latter day "Trail of Tears," as was implemented during the Andrew Jackson administration in 1830. Native American tribes were removed from their ancestral lands east of the Mississippi River and forced to move westward to government controlled reservations in regions, such as present-day Oklahoma, which were not yet states. 

The brutal HAMAS attack on Israel on October 7, 2023 upended Middle East politics.  Over 1200 Israelis were killed during the attack, and a wrenching hostage crisis ensued with 250 Israelis were seized by HAMAS and taken to Gaza (many of whom died while in captivity). Israeli survivors recount terror at music festival, where Hamas militants killed at least 260 

At least 47,000 Palestinians living in Gaza, mostly women and children, have been killed, although recent excavation of bodies from destroyed buildings will make that figure much higher. Over 80% of the Gaza Strip's buildings and infrastructure has been destroyed by Israel's bombing campaign.

What has the violence over the past 75 years accomplished? Perhaps we should answer this question by invoking the colloquial definition of insanity: "doing the same thing over and over again and expecting a different result." When will more rational heads prevail to end the never ending cycle of violence?

The Gaza War's cost to Israel and the Palestinians Israel has secured its position as nation-state in the Middle East, but at great the cost. While it won all the Arab-Israeli wars, save for the 1956 tripartite invasion of Egypt, it has done less well in conflict with asymmetric forces.  

After invading Lebanon in 1982 to destroy the Palestine Liberation Organization bases in South Lebanon and its leadership in Beirut, Israel was forced to withdraw from the south in 2000 following repeated guerrilla attacks on its forces. The 2006 war with Hizballah ended in a draw. And HAMAS still controls the Gaza Strip following the ceasefire.

With the January 2025 Ceasefire in place, Israeli politics has entered a new phase. The far-right minister of national security, Itamar Ben Gvir, resigned in protest. Bezalel Smotrich, the Minister of Finance, also on the far-right, has threatened to resign as well if the ceasefire becomes permanent. It is unclear whether the Netanyahu government will continue its efforts priro to the HAMAS attack to strip Israel's Supreme Court of its power to declare laws passed by the Knesset (parliament) as unconstitutional.

Tensions have increased between religious and secular Israels as a result of the Gaza War.  The 2024 court order that Haredim (orthodox males who dedicate their lives to religious studies) must join the military provoked outrage among many orthodox rabbis and their followers. The Haredim, who receive state subsidies to conduct their religious studies, are not required to pay taxes and, until now, have been exempt from serving in the armed forces. Given their large families, they will constitute a majority of Israel's population by 2050.

Apart from the technology sector, Israel's economy has suffered a s result of the war.  A large percentage of the employed males, who are overwhelmingly secular and taxpayers, were called up to serve in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).  Economic growth has slowed and the government has faced severe budget constraints to fund the war and the Israelis displaced by the conflict with Hizballah in southern Lebanon along Israel's northern border.How Benjamin Netanyahu and the Extremist Far Right are Leading Israel Along a Path to Ruin

Perhaps most significant, and difficult to quantify, is Israel's loss of international support as a result of the ferocious bombing campaigning in Gaza. Those who have suffered most are not the HAMAS terrorists but innocent civilians. The international loss of legitimacy, especially in light of the Netanyahu government's failure to reign in West Bank settlers on the West Bank whose terrorist attacks have wounded and killed innocent Palestinians (more than 600 deaths as of this writing) and destroyed their property and crops. The war is in Gaza, but Palestinians in the West Bank are targeted with violence too 

Israel will find it difficult, if not impossible, to reestablish its international legitimacy in the short term.  That Israeli Prime Minster Benjamin Netanyahu, and former Defense Minster, Yoav Gallant, have been indicted on war crimes charges by the International Criminal Court in the Hague, further undermines Israel's credibility in prosecuting the war against HAMAS in the Gaza Strip.  

This image captures Gaza's destruction during the Israel-HAMAS war

 
The current status of Palestinians is dire. With over 80% of the Gaza Strip completely destroyed, most of the two and a half million residents lack homes, jobs, food, healthcare and security. In addition to the 47,000 plus Gazans who have been killed, many residents have lost limbs and youth have no access to education because all schools and universities have been destroyed. These maps and images show what's left of Gaza, 1 year into the Israel-Hamas war

In the West Bank , Palestinians have been subject to increasing violence from settler terrorists who destroy their houses (which subsequently aren't legally allowed to be rebuilt) and crops and even murder them. Over 600 West Bank Palestinians have lost their lives since the HAMAS October 2023 attack on Israel. Mapping 1,800 Israeli settler attacks in the West Bank since October 2023

The Palestine National Authority (PNA) is headed by an 89 year old autocrat, Mahmoud Abbas, who hasn't allowed elections to be held in the PNA's areas of control in the West Bank since 2013. President Abbas is extremely corrupt, diverting millions of dollars in funds designated for the Palestinian people to his sons, Yasser and Tariq. His current approval rating hovers at 13%.

The Gaza War presents the opportunity to remove Abbas from his illegally held office and create a new PNA leadership.  One name which has been proposed is Dr. Salam Fayyad, who served as Prime Minister from 2007 until 2013, but who was removed from office by Abbas because he wouldn't support the PNA president's corrupt behavior. Fayyad, who holds a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Texas at Austin, is highly respected among West Bank Palestinians and internationally.Salam Fayyad

The need to move quickly to rebuild Gaza Recently, President Donald Trump proposed that Gaza's Palestinian residents be relocated to Jordan and Egypt. His rationale for this proposal is that Gaza has been largely destroyed and thus it's best to "clean out the territory."  Unsurprisingly, this proposal has been universally rejected by all Arab countries.  However, with the Gaza Strip in ruin, the idea of removing its residents does possess some logic, however perverse. Trump says to ‘clean out’ Gaza, urges Arab countries to take more refugees

Thus, time is of the essence.  The longer the Gazan Palestinians remain without water, electricity and housing, the louder the chorus of those who want to remove them from their homes and land will become.

Here is where the "rubber meets the road."  If the Arab states, who have manipulated the Palestinian cause for decades to serve their own national interests, truly want to promote peace and a meaningful solution to the Israeli-Palestinian dispute, they must put their money where their mouth is - walk the walk, not just talk the talk. 

Saudi leader Muhammad Bin Salman would do better using the $600 billion he has promised Donald Trump he will invest in the United States to rebuild Gaza instead. Qatar and the UAE should follow suit. Quick action by these wealthy Arab oil producers could have the critical impact of cutting off the Israeli far-right's attempt to seize yet more Palestinian land.Saudi Prince promises Donald Trump $600 billion trade, investment boost